| Gres . Gres is a name for ceramic materials that are characterized by a compact crystalline structure of a shard with partial vitrification (the process of transformation into a glassy mass), therefore tiles of this type are typologically classified as stone-ceramic tiles. Stone-ceramic tiles have a water absorption of <3%.
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| Cotto (terracotta) . Most often, unglazed tiles with a red and porous base, produced by extrusion. A mixture of different types of natural clay without special sorting and mixing. Cotto is an Italian name, generally accepted and well known to us - terracotta. The ratio to water absorption is determined by the raw material composition and process conditions and varies from 3 to 15%. Cotto tiles have a significant thickness from 15 to 25 mm.
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| Gres red . Unglazed, red-burning tile with compacted shards, produced by pressing. The raw material is a mixture of red clays with quartz, spar and fireclay. Water absorption is less than 3%. It has high strength and abrasion resistance (abrasion resistance). Strength indicators are higher than those of natural stone.
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| Faience . Glazed ceramic tiles with a porous and white base, press molded, double fired. Water absorption from 6 to 12%. The raw material is white clay, which after firing gives the shard a light tone. White sponge cake allows you to use transparent glazes or glazes in light colors. These tiles are of high artistic quality.
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| Cottoforte . Double-fired glazed tiles with a porous, colored base, press-molded. Like majolica, cottoforte is a glazed tile with a colored porous base, but in terms of its raw material composition it is close to red gres (that is, a tile with a compacted shard). Water absorption ranges from 6 to 15%. Due to its high porosity, cottoforte is not frost-resistant. The average tile thickness of 10-12 mm is quite sufficient to accommodate the loads inherent in residential premises.
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| Clinker . Unglazed and single-fired glazed tiles with compacted shards, produced by extrusion. The raw material is a mixture of various types of refractory (fireproof) clays, quartz, feldspar, fireclay. Clinker belongs to the class of tiles with enhanced physical and mechanical characteristics associated with high-quality raw materials and production technology. This type of tile can also be called extruded gres.
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| Majolica . Double fired glazed tiles with a porous and colored base, press molded. Firing is carried out in two stages, first the shard is fired, then the glaze. Water absorption ranges from 12 to 22%. Accordingly, the tiles are not frost-resistant and are not highly durable.
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| Ceramic granite . Tiles with a light or colored base, plain (monocolor) or fine-grained with a compacted, vitrified shard, produced by pressing. Water absorption <0.5%. The distinctive features of porcelain stoneware are strength, resistance to abrasion, chemical and biological influences, frost resistance, and high bending strength. At the same time, the tiles are not subject to aging and retain their original properties and are not affected by the environment.
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