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Glazed ceramic tiles can be used to cover walls and floors. Which of the following statements regarding glaze are true?
Tsek is a type of glaze defect. This occurs due to the difference in the expansion coefficients of the shard and the glaze itself. The center has the appearance of web-like cracks.
Transparent glazes are colorless and colored.
The fragility of the adhesion of the glaze to the shard is expressed in the formation of a network of cracks in the glaze layer (cek) or the detachment of the glaze from the shard after firing and cooling.
Frit is a special type of glass that, during the firing of the tile, melts and adheres tightly to the shard.
The chemical composition of the glaze and the ceramic shard is different. Their thermal expansion also varies in size.
Glaze, consisting of frits only, is used only to achieve a shiny surface on some types of wall tiles.
Transparent glazes are also called enamels.
Glaze is a shiny or enamel glassy layer in the form of a thin film (1 - 3 mm).
Material on this issue is in the article Glaze general concepts and classification .
Standards, articles and books use specialized ceramic tile terms. Below are such terms and their definitions. Which pairs - term and definition - correspond to reality?
Extruded ceramic tiles and slabs - Ceramic tiles and slabs cut to a specified length from a strip formed by an extruder from a plastic mass.
Ceramic tiles and slabs with an engobed surface are considered glazed.
Angobed Surface - A thin layer of clay slurry applied to the surface of a ceramic tile or slab that has a matte appearance and may be permeable or waterproof.
Glaze - A thin glassy sintered layer covering the surface of a ceramic tile or slab that is waterproof
Water absorption (E) - Water absorption is determined as a percentage by mass in accordance with EN ISO 10545-3.
Semi-dry pressed ceramic tiles and slabs - Ceramic tiles and slabs produced by pressing a powdered mass into molds under high pressure.
Material on this issue is presented in standard EN 14411 .
Ceramic tiles and rectangular slabs come in a range of sizes. The names of these sizes and definitions are given below. Which pairs - term and definition - correspond to reality?
Actual size - The size obtained by measuring the surface of ceramic tiles and slabs in accordance with EN ISO 10545-2.
The dimensions of tiles and slabs of other shapes are determined by the largest size of the rectangle in which they are inscribed
Technological size (W) - A size established for the manufacturing process of ceramic tiles and slabs, which must correspond to the actual size within acceptable deviations.
Non-modular dimensions - Dimensions that do not take into account the modular (M) structure.
NOTE See ISO 1006, where 1M = 100 mm.
Nominal size - Size used to designate a product.
Modular size - Dimensions of ceramic tiles and slabs determined on the basis of module M, as well as their multiple and divisible, with the exception of tiles and slabs with a front surface area of less than 9000 mm2.
Coordination size (C) - Technological size, including the width of the seam.
Material on this issue is set out in standard EN 14411 .
Gres porcellanato. Tiles with a light or colored base, plain (monocolor) or fine-grained with a compacted, vitrified shard, produced by pressing. The technical and commercial name for this type of tile in some countries is as follows:
Poland - Super Gres
Germany – Porzellan Steinzeugfliesen
Spain - Gres Porcelanico
Russia – ceramic granite or porcelain stoneware
Portugal - Granito Porcelanato Ceramica
France - Gres ceramic
Ukraine - Piastrella
England – Fully Vitrified Porcelain Tiles or Vitrified Stoneware
Italy – Gres Porcellanato
Material on this issue is presented in the article Unglazed tiles .
The existence of ceramic slabs with different types of surfaces is the result of successful experiments by manufacturers. The most popular of them can be considered surface polishing (with its variations). Select the correct definitions or statements.
To obtain polished tiles, their surface is polished with special diamond nozzles using a large number of chemicals.
When polishing, the topmost “sintered” layer is cut off. As a result, polished porcelain stoneware is slightly inferior to matte in terms of performance characteristics, in particular, wear resistance.
When exposed to water, polished tiles become very slippery.
A polished surface is obtained by special matte polishing.
Tiles with a matte surface are not only the most affordable, since they do not require additional processing, but also the most durable.
A matte surface is more slippery than, for example, polished or glazed.
The tile that comes out of the kiln and is not subjected to additional mechanical treatment after firing has a matte surface.
Polished porcelain tiles are less slippery than polished ones, but due to the smooth surface of such tiles, they are easy to clean.
Polished Surface - The surface of glazed or unglazed ceramic tiles and slabs that is polished at the final stage of manufacture to impart shine.
Material on this issue is presented in the article Porcelain tiles - many faces and diversity .
