The result obtained indicates a large number of incorrectly answered questions. Read recommended articles on these issues.
Ceramic products can be divided into three groups:
Which of the following products can be classified as veneer ceramics?
Dishes
Compositions, for example, a vase with flowers, a girl on a swing, etc.
Facing brick
Pipes
Expanded clay
Roof tiles
Ceramic tile
Brick
Tile
Information on this issue is presented in the article Ceramic products, facing ceramics .
Standards, articles and books use specialized ceramic tile terms. Below are such terms and their definitions. Which pairs - term and definition - correspond to reality?
Water absorption (E) - Water absorption is determined as a percentage by mass in accordance with EN ISO 10545-3.
Glaze - A thin glassy sintered layer covering the surface of a ceramic tile or slab that is waterproof
Semi-dry pressed ceramic tiles and slabs - Ceramic tiles and slabs produced by pressing a powdered mass into molds under high pressure.
Extruded ceramic tiles and slabs - Ceramic tiles and slabs cut to a specified length from a strip formed by an extruder from a plastic mass.
Angobed Surface - A thin layer of clay slurry applied to the surface of a ceramic tile or slab that has a matte appearance and may be permeable or waterproof.
Ceramic tiles and slabs with an engobed surface are considered glazed.
Material on this issue is presented in standard EN 14411 .
Ceramic tiles and rectangular slabs come in a range of sizes. The names of these sizes and definitions are given below. Which pairs - term and definition - correspond to reality?
Technological size (W) - A size established for the manufacturing process of ceramic tiles and slabs, which must correspond to the actual size within acceptable deviations.
Coordination size (C) - Technological size, including the width of the seam.
Actual size - The size obtained by measuring the surface of ceramic tiles and slabs in accordance with EN ISO 10545-2.
Non-modular dimensions - Dimensions that do not take into account the modular (M) structure.
NOTE See ISO 1006, where 1M = 100 mm.
Nominal size - Size used to designate a product.
The dimensions of tiles and slabs of other shapes are determined by the largest size of the rectangle in which they are inscribed
Modular size - Dimensions of ceramic tiles and slabs determined on the basis of module M, as well as their multiple and divisible, with the exception of tiles and slabs with a front surface area of less than 9000 mm2.
Material on this issue is set out in standard EN 14411 .
Unglazed tiles consist of one layer - a ceramic shard. The color is obtained from the raw material or is colored by metal oxides throughout the tile body (tile). The surface can remain untreated (natural) or be processed, taking on various surfaces: polished, honed, rusticated, structured, etc. Unglazed tiles include:
Clinker
Cottoforte
Cotto (terracotta)
Gres red
Majolica
Gres Porcellanato (ceramic granite)
Extruded gres
Information on this issue is presented in the article Unglazed tiles .
Glazed ceramic tiles can be used to cover walls and floors. Which of the following statements regarding glaze are true?
Glaze, consisting of frits only, is used only to achieve a shiny surface on some types of wall tiles.
Frit is a special type of glass that, during the firing of the tile, melts and adheres tightly to the shard.
Tsek is a type of glaze defect. This occurs due to the difference in the expansion coefficients of the shard and the glaze itself. The center has the appearance of web-like cracks.
Transparent glazes are colorless and colored.
The fragility of the adhesion of the glaze to the shard is expressed in the formation of a network of cracks in the glaze layer (cek) or the detachment of the glaze from the shard after firing and cooling.
Glaze is a shiny or enamel glassy layer in the form of a thin film (1 - 3 mm).
Transparent glazes are also called enamels.
The chemical composition of the glaze and the ceramic shard is different. Their thermal expansion also varies in size.
Material on this issue is in the article Glaze general concepts and classification .
