Substances included in the composition of dry mixtures and capable of forming new chemical compounds and/or physicochemical bonds after mixing with water, and which, as a result of subsequent physicochemical processes, provide the properties of the hardened mortar mixture. According to GOST 31189.
Note 1 . Anhydrite binder is obtained either by firing gypsum raw materials, followed by grinding into a fine powder together with various mineral activators, or from natural anhydrite. Slaked or quicklime (2–5% of the anhydrite mass) is used as activators; blast furnace slag (10–15%); dolomite fired at 800–900 °C (3–8%); soluble sulfates of some metals: Na 2 SO 4 (6.0%); NaHSO 4 (0.6%); K 2 SO 4 (2.0%); Al 2 (SO) 3 (2.0%); FeSO 3 (9%) etc.
Note 2 . Gypsum binder is obtained from sulfate rocks containing predominantly the mineral gypsum dihydrate. During heat treatment, natural gypsum gradually loses some of its chemically bound water, and at temperatures from 110 to 180°C it becomes semi-aqueous gypsum. After finely grinding this calcination product, a gypsum binder is obtained.
Note 3 . Composite binders are a class of binders that are a composition selected in a certain proportion (mixed at the factory) of mineral and polymer binders. According to GOST 31189.
Note 4 . Mineral binders are a class of binders (Portland cement, aluminous cement, etc.) obtained by processing natural mineral raw materials. According to GOST 31189.
Note 5 . Polymer binders are a class of binders based on products from the processing of organic compounds (polymers and copolymers of various chemical compositions). According to GOST 31189.
Cementing materials (binders) are substances that can harden as a result of physical and chemical processes and perform the function of a cementing component, fastening aggregate grains together and connecting them into a durable monolith. They are divided into inorganic (mineral) binders - cement, gypsum, lime, magnesite, liquid glass, etc., and organic binders - bitumen, resins, polymers, etc.
Air binders are inorganic substances capable of hardening, gaining strength and retaining it only in air, for example, gypsum, anhydrite, air lime, magnesite, liquid glass.
Hydraulic binders are inorganic substances capable of hardening, gaining strength and maintaining it both in air and in water, for example, Portland cement, hydraulic lime.