The result obtained indicates a large number of incorrectly answered questions. Read recommended articles on these issues.
The existence of ceramic slabs with different types of surfaces is the result of successful experiments by manufacturers. The most popular of them can be considered surface polishing (with its variations). Select the correct definitions or statements.
A polished surface is obtained by special matte polishing.
Tiles with a matte surface are not only the most affordable, since they do not require additional processing, but also the most durable.
The tile that comes out of the kiln and is not subjected to additional mechanical treatment after firing has a matte surface.
Polished Surface - The surface of glazed or unglazed ceramic tiles and slabs that is polished at the final stage of manufacture to impart shine.
When exposed to water, polished tiles become very slippery.
To obtain polished tiles, their surface is polished with special diamond nozzles using a large number of chemicals.
When polishing, the topmost “sintered” layer is cut off. As a result, polished porcelain stoneware is slightly inferior to matte in terms of performance characteristics, in particular, wear resistance.
A matte surface is more slippery than, for example, polished or glazed.
Polished porcelain tiles are less slippery than polished ones, but due to the smooth surface of such tiles, they are easy to clean.
Material on this issue is presented in the article Porcelain tiles - many faces and diversity .
Ceramic tiles and rectangular slabs come in a range of sizes. The names of these sizes and definitions are given below. Which pairs - term and definition - correspond to reality?
Coordination size (C) - Technological size, including the width of the seam.
Modular size - Dimensions of ceramic tiles and slabs determined on the basis of module M, as well as their multiple and divisible, with the exception of tiles and slabs with a front surface area of less than 9000 mm2.
NOTE See ISO 1006, where 1M = 100 mm.
Nominal size - Size used to designate a product.
Technological size (W) - A size established for the manufacturing process of ceramic tiles and slabs, which must correspond to the actual size within acceptable deviations.
Actual size - The size obtained by measuring the surface of ceramic tiles and slabs in accordance with EN ISO 10545-2.
The dimensions of tiles and slabs of other shapes are determined by the largest size of the rectangle in which they are inscribed
Non-modular dimensions - Dimensions that do not take into account the modular (M) structure.
Material on this issue is set out in standard EN 14411 .
Unglazed tiles consist of one layer - a ceramic shard. The color is obtained from the raw material or is colored by metal oxides throughout the tile body (tile). The surface can remain untreated (natural) or be processed, taking on various surfaces: polished, honed, rusticated, structured, etc. Unglazed tiles include:
Gres red
Cotto (terracotta)
Clinker
Cottoforte
Gres Porcellanato (ceramic granite)
Majolica
Extruded gres
Information on this issue is presented in the article Unglazed tiles .
Gres porcellanato. Tiles with a light or colored base, plain (monocolor) or fine-grained with a compacted, vitrified shard, produced by pressing. The technical and commercial name for this type of tile in some countries is as follows:
Poland - Super Gres
Ukraine - Piastrella
Russia – ceramic granite or porcelain stoneware
England – Fully Vitrified Porcelain Tiles or Vitrified Stoneware
Italy – Gres Porcellanato
Spain - Gres Porcelanico
France - Gres ceramic
Portugal - Granito Porcelanato Ceramica
Germany – Porzellan Steinzeugfliesen
Material on this issue is presented in the article Unglazed tiles .
Ceramic tiles and slabs are used mainly for flooring and wall cladding. As a rule, they are molded at room temperature using the extrusion method (method A) or the semi-dry pressing method (method B). Indicate what types of ceramic tiles are molded using the semi-dry pressing method (method B).
Porcelain tiles
Information on this issue can be found on the forum Classification of tiles and area of use .
