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Standards, articles and books use specialized ceramic tile terms. Below are such terms and their definitions. Which pairs - term and definition - correspond to reality?
Glaze - A thin glassy sintered layer covering the surface of a ceramic tile or slab that is waterproof
Angobed Surface - A thin layer of clay slurry applied to the surface of a ceramic tile or slab that has a matte appearance and may be permeable or waterproof.
Ceramic tiles and slabs with an engobed surface are considered glazed.
Semi-dry pressed ceramic tiles and slabs - Ceramic tiles and slabs produced by pressing a powdered mass into molds under high pressure.
Extruded ceramic tiles and slabs - Ceramic tiles and slabs cut to a specified length from a strip formed by an extruder from a plastic mass.
Water absorption (E) - Water absorption is determined as a percentage by mass in accordance with EN ISO 10545-3.
Material on this issue is presented in standard EN 14411 .
Glazed ceramic tiles can be used to cover walls and floors. Which of the following statements regarding glaze are true?
Frit is a special type of glass that, during the firing of the tile, melts and adheres tightly to the shard.
Transparent glazes are also called enamels.
The fragility of the adhesion of the glaze to the shard is expressed in the formation of a network of cracks in the glaze layer (cek) or the detachment of the glaze from the shard after firing and cooling.
The chemical composition of the glaze and the ceramic shard is different. Their thermal expansion also varies in size.
Transparent glazes are colorless and colored.
Glaze, consisting of frits only, is used only to achieve a shiny surface on some types of wall tiles.
Tsek is a type of glaze defect. This occurs due to the difference in the expansion coefficients of the shard and the glaze itself. The center has the appearance of web-like cracks.
Glaze is a shiny or enamel glassy layer in the form of a thin film (1 - 3 mm).
Material on this issue is in the article Glaze general concepts and classification .
Ceramic tiles and slabs are used mainly for flooring and wall cladding. As a rule, they are molded at room temperature using the extrusion method (method A) or the semi-dry pressing method (method B). Indicate what types of ceramic tiles are molded using the semi-dry pressing method (method B).
Cotto (terracotta)
Cottoforte
Gres red
Majolica
Porcelain tiles
Clinker
Information on this issue can be found on the forum Classification of tiles and area of use .
The existence of ceramic slabs with different types of surfaces is the result of successful experiments by manufacturers. The most popular of them can be considered surface polishing (with its variations). Select the correct definitions or statements.
Polished Surface - The surface of glazed or unglazed ceramic tiles and slabs that is polished at the final stage of manufacture to impart shine.
A polished surface is obtained by special matte polishing.
When exposed to water, polished tiles become very slippery.
A matte surface is more slippery than, for example, polished or glazed.
The tile that comes out of the kiln and is not subjected to additional mechanical treatment after firing has a matte surface.
When polishing, the topmost “sintered” layer is cut off. As a result, polished porcelain stoneware is slightly inferior to matte in terms of performance characteristics, in particular, wear resistance.
Polished porcelain tiles are less slippery than polished ones, but due to the smooth surface of such tiles, they are easy to clean.
To obtain polished tiles, their surface is polished with special diamond nozzles using a large number of chemicals.
Tiles with a matte surface are not only the most affordable, since they do not require additional processing, but also the most durable.
Material on this issue is presented in the article Porcelain tiles - many faces and diversity .
Ceramic products can be divided into three groups:
Which of the following products can be classified as veneer ceramics?
Dishes
Compositions, for example, a vase with flowers, a girl on a swing, etc.
Expanded clay
Brick
Facing brick
Tile
Ceramic tile
Roof tiles
Pipes
Information on this issue is presented in the article Ceramic products, facing ceramics .
