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Standards, articles and books use specialized ceramic tile terms. Below are such terms and their definitions. Which pairs - term and definition - correspond to reality?
Water absorption (E) - Water absorption is determined as a percentage by mass in accordance with EN ISO 10545-3.
Ceramic tiles and slabs with an engobed surface are considered glazed.
Extruded ceramic tiles and slabs - Ceramic tiles and slabs cut to a specified length from a strip formed by an extruder from a plastic mass.
Semi-dry pressed ceramic tiles and slabs - Ceramic tiles and slabs produced by pressing a powdered mass into molds under high pressure.
Glaze - A thin glassy sintered layer covering the surface of a ceramic tile or slab that is waterproof
Angobed Surface - A thin layer of clay slurry applied to the surface of a ceramic tile or slab that has a matte appearance and may be permeable or waterproof.
Material on this issue is presented in standard EN 14411 .
Unglazed tiles consist of one layer - a ceramic shard. The color is obtained from the raw material or is colored by metal oxides throughout the tile body (tile). The surface can remain untreated (natural) or be processed, taking on various surfaces: polished, honed, rusticated, structured, etc. Unglazed tiles include:
Majolica
Gres red
Extruded gres
Cotto (terracotta)
Gres Porcellanato (ceramic granite)
Clinker
Cottoforte
Information on this issue is presented in the article Unglazed tiles .
Glazed ceramic tiles can be used to cover walls and floors. Which of the following statements regarding glaze are true?
The fragility of the adhesion of the glaze to the shard is expressed in the formation of a network of cracks in the glaze layer (cek) or the detachment of the glaze from the shard after firing and cooling.
Glaze, consisting of frits only, is used only to achieve a shiny surface on some types of wall tiles.
The chemical composition of the glaze and the ceramic shard is different. Their thermal expansion also varies in size.
Transparent glazes are also called enamels.
Transparent glazes are colorless and colored.
Frit is a special type of glass that, during the firing of the tile, melts and adheres tightly to the shard.
Glaze is a shiny or enamel glassy layer in the form of a thin film (1 - 3 mm).
Tsek is a type of glaze defect. This occurs due to the difference in the expansion coefficients of the shard and the glaze itself. The center has the appearance of web-like cracks.
Material on this issue is in the article Glaze general concepts and classification .
Ceramic tiles and rectangular slabs come in a range of sizes. The names of these sizes and definitions are given below. Which pairs - term and definition - correspond to reality?
The dimensions of tiles and slabs of other shapes are determined by the largest size of the rectangle in which they are inscribed
Non-modular dimensions - Dimensions that do not take into account the modular (M) structure.
NOTE See ISO 1006, where 1M = 100 mm.
Coordination size (C) - Technological size, including the width of the seam.
Modular size - Dimensions of ceramic tiles and slabs determined on the basis of module M, as well as their multiple and divisible, with the exception of tiles and slabs with a front surface area of less than 9000 mm2.
Actual size - The size obtained by measuring the surface of ceramic tiles and slabs in accordance with EN ISO 10545-2.
Technological size (W) - A size established for the manufacturing process of ceramic tiles and slabs, which must correspond to the actual size within acceptable deviations.
Nominal size - Size used to designate a product.
Material on this issue is set out in standard EN 14411 .
Ceramic tiles and slabs are used mainly for flooring and wall cladding. As a rule, they are molded at room temperature using the extrusion method (method A) or the semi-dry pressing method (method B). Indicate what types of ceramic tiles are molded using the semi-dry pressing method (method B).
Porcelain tiles
Information on this issue can be found on the forum Classification of tiles and area of use .
