Ceramic tiles: terms and definitions

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Your result: -42%
Question 1

Unglazed tiles consist of one layer - a ceramic shard. The color is obtained from the raw material or is colored by metal oxides throughout the tile body (tile). The surface can remain untreated (natural) or be processed, taking on various surfaces: polished, honed, rusticated, structured, etc. Unglazed tiles include:

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Your AnswerOptionRight?Result

Gres red

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Extruded gres

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Clinker

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Cottoforte

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Majolica

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Cotto (terracotta)

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Selected

Gres Porcellanato (ceramic granite)

Correct
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Information on this issue is presented in the article Unglazed tiles .

Question 2

Glazed ceramic tiles can be used to cover walls and floors. Which of the following statements regarding glaze are true?

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Glaze is a shiny or enamel glassy layer in the form of a thin film (1 - 3 mm).

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Glaze, consisting of frits only, is used only to achieve a shiny surface on some types of wall tiles.

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Transparent glazes are also called enamels.

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Tsek is a type of glaze defect. This occurs due to the difference in the expansion coefficients of the shard and the glaze itself. The center has the appearance of web-like cracks.

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Transparent glazes are colorless and colored.

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The chemical composition of the glaze and the ceramic shard is different. Their thermal expansion also varies in size.

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The fragility of the adhesion of the glaze to the shard is expressed in the formation of a network of cracks in the glaze layer (cek) or the detachment of the glaze from the shard after firing and cooling.

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Frit is a special type of glass that, during the firing of the tile, melts and adheres tightly to the shard.

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Material on this issue is in the article Glaze general concepts and classification .

Question 3

Ceramic tiles and slabs are used mainly for flooring and wall cladding. As a rule, they are molded at room temperature using the extrusion method (method A) or the semi-dry pressing method (method B). Indicate what types of ceramic tiles are molded using the semi-dry pressing method (method B).

Score: -25 out of 10
Your AnswerOptionRight?Result

Gres red

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Cotto (terracotta)

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Porcelain tiles

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Majolica

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Cottoforte

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Selected

Clinker

Incorrect
-10

Information on this issue can be found on the forum Classification of tiles and area of ​​use .

Question 4

The existence of ceramic slabs with different types of surfaces is the result of successful experiments by manufacturers. The most popular of them can be considered surface polishing (with its variations). Select the correct definitions or statements.

Score: 2.8571428571429 out of 10
Your AnswerOptionRight?Result

Polished porcelain tiles are less slippery than polished ones, but due to the smooth surface of such tiles, they are easy to clean.

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To obtain polished tiles, their surface is polished with special diamond nozzles using a large number of chemicals.

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Tiles with a matte surface are not only the most affordable, since they do not require additional processing, but also the most durable.

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When exposed to water, polished tiles become very slippery.

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A matte surface is more slippery than, for example, polished or glazed.

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The tile that comes out of the kiln and is not subjected to additional mechanical treatment after firing has a matte surface.

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Selected

Polished Surface - The surface of glazed or unglazed ceramic tiles and slabs that is polished at the final stage of manufacture to impart shine.

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A polished surface is obtained by special matte polishing.

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When polishing, the topmost “sintered” layer is cut off. As a result, polished porcelain stoneware is slightly inferior to matte in terms of performance characteristics, in particular, wear resistance.

Correct
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Material on this issue is presented in the article Porcelain tiles - many faces and diversity .

Question 5

The variety of types of ceramic tiles produced is quite large. It ranges from traditional terracotta to tiles with complex chromatic textures that imitate non-ceramic materials such as glass, metal, and natural stone. Below are the names of the types of ceramic tiles and their descriptions. Which of them do you think are true?

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Your AnswerOptionRight?Result

Cottoforte . Double-fired glazed tiles with a porous, colored base, press-molded. Like majolica, cottoforte is a glazed tile with a colored porous base, but in terms of its raw material composition it is close to red gres (that is, a tile with a compacted shard). Water absorption ranges from 6 to 15%. Due to its high porosity, cottoforte is not frost-resistant. The average tile thickness of 10-12 mm is quite sufficient to accommodate the loads inherent in residential premises.

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Cotto (terracotta) . Most often, unglazed tiles with a red and porous base, produced by extrusion. A mixture of different types of natural clay without special sorting and mixing. Cotto is an Italian name, generally accepted and well known to us - terracotta. The ratio to water absorption is determined by the raw material composition and process conditions and varies from 3 to 15%. Cotto tiles have a significant thickness from 15 to 25 mm.

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Faience . Glazed ceramic tiles with a porous and white base, press molded, double fired. Water absorption from 6 to 12%. The raw material is white clay, which after firing gives the shard a light tone. White sponge cake allows you to use transparent glazes or glazes in light colors. These tiles are of high artistic quality.

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Clinker . Unglazed and single-fired glazed tiles with compacted shards, produced by extrusion. The raw material is a mixture of various types of refractory (fireproof) clays, quartz, feldspar, fireclay. Clinker belongs to the class of tiles with enhanced physical and mechanical characteristics associated with high-quality raw materials and production technology. This type of tile can also be called extruded gres.

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Gres red . Unglazed, red-burning tile with compacted shards, produced by pressing. The raw material is a mixture of red clays with quartz, spar and fireclay. Water absorption is less than 3%. It has high strength and abrasion resistance (abrasion resistance). Strength indicators are higher than those of natural stone.

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Majolica . Double fired glazed tiles with a porous and colored base, press molded. Firing is carried out in two stages, first the shard is fired, then the glaze. Water absorption ranges from 12 to 22%. Accordingly, the tiles are not frost-resistant and are not highly durable.

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Ceramic granite . Tiles with a light or colored base, plain (monocolor) or fine-grained with a compacted, vitrified shard, produced by pressing. Water absorption <0.5%. The distinctive features of porcelain stoneware are strength, resistance to abrasion, chemical and biological influences, frost resistance, and high bending strength. At the same time, the tiles are not subject to aging and retain their original properties and are not affected by the environment.

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Gres . Gres is a name for ceramic materials that are characterized by a compact crystalline structure of a shard with partial vitrification (the process of transformation into a glassy mass), therefore tiles of this type are typologically classified as stone-ceramic tiles. Stone-ceramic tiles have a water absorption of <3%.

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Material on this issue is presented in the article Unglazed tiles .

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