The result obtained indicates a large number of incorrectly answered questions. Read recommended articles on these issues.
Glazed ceramic tiles can be used to cover walls and floors. Which of the following statements regarding glaze are true?
The fragility of the adhesion of the glaze to the shard is expressed in the formation of a network of cracks in the glaze layer (cek) or the detachment of the glaze from the shard after firing and cooling.
Glaze is a shiny or enamel glassy layer in the form of a thin film (1 - 3 mm).
Transparent glazes are also called enamels.
Frit is a special type of glass that, during the firing of the tile, melts and adheres tightly to the shard.
Transparent glazes are colorless and colored.
The chemical composition of the glaze and the ceramic shard is different. Their thermal expansion also varies in size.
Tsek is a type of glaze defect. This occurs due to the difference in the expansion coefficients of the shard and the glaze itself. The center has the appearance of web-like cracks.
Glaze, consisting of frits only, is used only to achieve a shiny surface on some types of wall tiles.
Material on this issue is in the article Glaze general concepts and classification .
Standards, articles and books use specialized ceramic tile terms. Below are such terms and their definitions. Which pairs - term and definition - correspond to reality?
Angobed Surface - A thin layer of clay slurry applied to the surface of a ceramic tile or slab that has a matte appearance and may be permeable or waterproof.
Ceramic tiles and slabs with an engobed surface are considered glazed.
Glaze - A thin glassy sintered layer covering the surface of a ceramic tile or slab that is waterproof
Extruded ceramic tiles and slabs - Ceramic tiles and slabs cut to a specified length from a strip formed by an extruder from a plastic mass.
Semi-dry pressed ceramic tiles and slabs - Ceramic tiles and slabs produced by pressing a powdered mass into molds under high pressure.
Water absorption (E) - Water absorption is determined as a percentage by mass in accordance with EN ISO 10545-3.
Material on this issue is presented in standard EN 14411 .
Unglazed tiles consist of one layer - a ceramic shard. The color is obtained from the raw material or is colored by metal oxides throughout the tile body (tile). The surface can remain untreated (natural) or be processed, taking on various surfaces: polished, honed, rusticated, structured, etc. Unglazed tiles include:
Gres Porcellanato (ceramic granite)
Extruded gres
Clinker
Cottoforte
Cotto (terracotta)
Majolica
Gres red
Information on this issue is presented in the article Unglazed tiles .
The existence of ceramic slabs with different types of surfaces is the result of successful experiments by manufacturers. The most popular of them can be considered surface polishing (with its variations). Select the correct definitions or statements.
When polishing, the topmost “sintered” layer is cut off. As a result, polished porcelain stoneware is slightly inferior to matte in terms of performance characteristics, in particular, wear resistance.
A matte surface is more slippery than, for example, polished or glazed.
A polished surface is obtained by special matte polishing.
Polished porcelain tiles are less slippery than polished ones, but due to the smooth surface of such tiles, they are easy to clean.
Tiles with a matte surface are not only the most affordable, since they do not require additional processing, but also the most durable.
The tile that comes out of the kiln and is not subjected to additional mechanical treatment after firing has a matte surface.
To obtain polished tiles, their surface is polished with special diamond nozzles using a large number of chemicals.
Polished Surface - The surface of glazed or unglazed ceramic tiles and slabs that is polished at the final stage of manufacture to impart shine.
When exposed to water, polished tiles become very slippery.
Material on this issue is presented in the article Porcelain tiles - many faces and diversity .
Ceramic tiles and slabs are used mainly for flooring and wall cladding. As a rule, they are molded at room temperature using the extrusion method (method A) or the semi-dry pressing method (method B). Indicate what types of ceramic tiles are molded using the semi-dry pressing method (method B).
Porcelain tiles
Information on this issue can be found on the forum Classification of tiles and area of use .
