The result obtained indicates a large number of incorrectly answered questions. Read recommended articles on these issues.
Standards, articles and books use specialized ceramic tile terms. Below are such terms and their definitions. Which pairs - term and definition - correspond to reality?
Ceramic tiles and slabs with an engobed surface are considered glazed.
Glaze - A thin glassy sintered layer covering the surface of a ceramic tile or slab that is waterproof
Semi-dry pressed ceramic tiles and slabs - Ceramic tiles and slabs produced by pressing a powdered mass into molds under high pressure.
Water absorption (E) - Water absorption is determined as a percentage by mass in accordance with EN ISO 10545-3.
Angobed Surface - A thin layer of clay slurry applied to the surface of a ceramic tile or slab that has a matte appearance and may be permeable or waterproof.
Extruded ceramic tiles and slabs - Ceramic tiles and slabs cut to a specified length from a strip formed by an extruder from a plastic mass.
Material on this issue is presented in standard EN 14411 .
Glazed ceramic tiles can be used to cover walls and floors. Which of the following statements regarding glaze are true?
Glaze is a shiny or enamel glassy layer in the form of a thin film (1 - 3 mm).
Transparent glazes are colorless and colored.
Glaze, consisting of frits only, is used only to achieve a shiny surface on some types of wall tiles.
The fragility of the adhesion of the glaze to the shard is expressed in the formation of a network of cracks in the glaze layer (cek) or the detachment of the glaze from the shard after firing and cooling.
Transparent glazes are also called enamels.
Tsek is a type of glaze defect. This occurs due to the difference in the expansion coefficients of the shard and the glaze itself. The center has the appearance of web-like cracks.
Frit is a special type of glass that, during the firing of the tile, melts and adheres tightly to the shard.
The chemical composition of the glaze and the ceramic shard is different. Their thermal expansion also varies in size.
Material on this issue is in the article Glaze general concepts and classification .
Ceramic tiles and rectangular slabs come in a range of sizes. The names of these sizes and definitions are given below. Which pairs - term and definition - correspond to reality?
Technological size (W) - A size established for the manufacturing process of ceramic tiles and slabs, which must correspond to the actual size within acceptable deviations.
The dimensions of tiles and slabs of other shapes are determined by the largest size of the rectangle in which they are inscribed
Modular size - Dimensions of ceramic tiles and slabs determined on the basis of module M, as well as their multiple and divisible, with the exception of tiles and slabs with a front surface area of less than 9000 mm2.
NOTE See ISO 1006, where 1M = 100 mm.
Nominal size - Size used to designate a product.
Coordination size (C) - Technological size, including the width of the seam.
Non-modular dimensions - Dimensions that do not take into account the modular (M) structure.
Actual size - The size obtained by measuring the surface of ceramic tiles and slabs in accordance with EN ISO 10545-2.
Material on this issue is set out in standard EN 14411 .
Ceramic tiles and slabs are used mainly for flooring and wall cladding. As a rule, they are molded at room temperature using the extrusion method (method A) or the semi-dry pressing method (method B). Indicate what types of ceramic tiles are molded using the semi-dry pressing method (method B).
Majolica
Cotto (terracotta)
Cottoforte
Gres red
Clinker
Porcelain tiles
Information on this issue can be found on the forum Classification of tiles and area of use .
The existence of ceramic slabs with different types of surfaces is the result of successful experiments by manufacturers. The most popular of them can be considered surface polishing (with its variations). Select the correct definitions or statements.
A polished surface is obtained by special matte polishing.
When exposed to water, polished tiles become very slippery.
To obtain polished tiles, their surface is polished with special diamond nozzles using a large number of chemicals.
A matte surface is more slippery than, for example, polished or glazed.
Polished Surface - The surface of glazed or unglazed ceramic tiles and slabs that is polished at the final stage of manufacture to impart shine.
The tile that comes out of the kiln and is not subjected to additional mechanical treatment after firing has a matte surface.
Tiles with a matte surface are not only the most affordable, since they do not require additional processing, but also the most durable.
When polishing, the topmost “sintered” layer is cut off. As a result, polished porcelain stoneware is slightly inferior to matte in terms of performance characteristics, in particular, wear resistance.
Polished porcelain tiles are less slippery than polished ones, but due to the smooth surface of such tiles, they are easy to clean.
Material on this issue is presented in the article Porcelain tiles - many faces and diversity .
