Ceramic tiles: terms and definitions

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Question 1

Gres porcellanato. Tiles with a light or colored base, plain (monocolor) or fine-grained with a compacted, vitrified shard, produced by pressing. The technical and commercial name for this type of tile in some countries is as follows:

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Portugal - Granito Porcelanato Ceramica

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Poland - Super Gres

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Italy – Gres Porcellanato

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Spain - Gres Porcelanico

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France - Gres ceramic

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Russia – ceramic granite or porcelain stoneware

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England – Fully Vitrified Porcelain Tiles or Vitrified Stoneware

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Germany – Porzellan Steinzeugfliesen

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Ukraine - Piastrella

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Material on this issue is presented in the article Unglazed tiles .

Question 2

The existence of ceramic slabs with different types of surfaces is the result of successful experiments by manufacturers. The most popular of them can be considered surface polishing (with its variations). Select the correct definitions or statements.

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Polished porcelain tiles are less slippery than polished ones, but due to the smooth surface of such tiles, they are easy to clean.

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A polished surface is obtained by special matte polishing.

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When polishing, the topmost “sintered” layer is cut off. As a result, polished porcelain stoneware is slightly inferior to matte in terms of performance characteristics, in particular, wear resistance.

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When exposed to water, polished tiles become very slippery.

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The tile that comes out of the kiln and is not subjected to additional mechanical treatment after firing has a matte surface.

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Tiles with a matte surface are not only the most affordable, since they do not require additional processing, but also the most durable.

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A matte surface is more slippery than, for example, polished or glazed.

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Polished Surface - The surface of glazed or unglazed ceramic tiles and slabs that is polished at the final stage of manufacture to impart shine.

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To obtain polished tiles, their surface is polished with special diamond nozzles using a large number of chemicals.

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Material on this issue is presented in the article Porcelain tiles - many faces and diversity .

Question 3

Ceramic products can be divided into three groups:

  1. building ceramics;
  2. facing ceramics;
  3. art ceramics.

Which of the following products can be classified as veneer ceramics? 

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Roof tiles

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Pipes

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Dishes

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Compositions, for example, a vase with flowers, a girl on a swing, etc.

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Facing brick

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Brick

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Expanded clay

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Ceramic tile

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Tile

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Information on this issue is presented in the article Ceramic products, facing ceramics .

Question 4

Ceramic tiles and slabs are used mainly for flooring and wall cladding. As a rule, they are molded at room temperature using the extrusion method (method A) or the semi-dry pressing method (method B). Indicate what types of ceramic tiles are molded using the semi-dry pressing method (method B).

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Porcelain tiles

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Cottoforte

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Gres red

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Clinker

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Cotto (terracotta)

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Majolica

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Information on this issue can be found on the forum Classification of tiles and area of ​​use .

Question 5

Glazed ceramic tiles can be used to cover walls and floors. Which of the following statements regarding glaze are true?

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The fragility of the adhesion of the glaze to the shard is expressed in the formation of a network of cracks in the glaze layer (cek) or the detachment of the glaze from the shard after firing and cooling.

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Transparent glazes are also called enamels.

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Tsek is a type of glaze defect. This occurs due to the difference in the expansion coefficients of the shard and the glaze itself. The center has the appearance of web-like cracks.

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The chemical composition of the glaze and the ceramic shard is different. Their thermal expansion also varies in size.

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Glaze, consisting of frits only, is used only to achieve a shiny surface on some types of wall tiles.

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Frit is a special type of glass that, during the firing of the tile, melts and adheres tightly to the shard.

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Transparent glazes are colorless and colored.

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Glaze is a shiny or enamel glassy layer in the form of a thin film (1 - 3 mm).

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Material on this issue is in the article Glaze general concepts and classification .

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