Do not use on polished marble or acid-sensitive materials. Make sure the material is resistant to the product by preliminary testing on a small area of the surface. For aluminum elements, use the product in accordance with the instructions for use, using a soft sponge.
Rubber coatings can withstand high mechanical loads, have sound-absorbing properties, and are resistant to short-term exposure to oils, diluted alkalis and acids. One of the most valuable properties of rubber flooring is its non-slip surface, which is why it is often used in wet areas, such as pool walkways and ice rinks, and where safety is especially important, such as stair treads.
In the needle-punched production method, the fiber is placed on a woven base and punched repeatedly with frequently spaced barbed needles along its entire length. As a result of the up-and-down movement of the needles, the threads of fibers intertwine and form a dense material similar to felt. In addition, the fibers are bonded to the underside of the covering with latex or other adhesive. Needle-punched coverings are lint-free and are inferior in comfort to tufted or woven coverings, but are characterized by increased wear resistance. Therefore, they are often used in rooms with high pedestrian loads, for example, in offices, theaters, cinemas, concert halls and so on.
I approve of the article, although I did not find a clear answer to the question posed with justification. He's hiding somewhere between the lines. So, import substitution of ceramic tiles in Russia is a reality. To confirm this conclusion, it is enough to read the 2016 article on the production of ceramic tiles in Russia . Here you can see that the import of ceramic tiles to Russia from 2013 to 2016 fell threefold (from 90 million m2 to 30 million m2), and the production of ceramic tiles in Russia remained approximately the same (2013 - 167 million m2; 2016 - 160 million m2).
From 2002 to 2008, the Fryanovsky ceramic plant produced ceramic tiles under the Lira Ceramica brand. After FKZ entered the Rovese group, Lira Ceramics LLC was liquidated. Officially, Lira Ceramics LLC operated from September 11, 2001 to July 27, 2009.
It should be noted that during the drying and firing process, bricks significantly decrease in size. Therefore, in order to obtain a fired brick of the required size, it was necessary to make the molding frame somewhat larger in size. Obviously, the craftsmen took into account some empirically found clay shrinkage coefficient. At the same time, they had to be especially careful that the resulting brick was not larger in size than intended, since any increase in the format entails a complication of the firing process, and therefore a deterioration in quality. In addition, the increase in brick format complicates the work of masons. Naturally, therefore, when making molding frames, craftsmen, as a rule, introduced a minimum shrinkage coefficient, which was usually somewhat less than the actual shrinkage coefficient obtained. As a result, the brick format tended to gradually decrease.
Separation joints are structural expansion joints. They pass through all load-bearing and non-load-bearing parts of the building. Such joints must be of sufficient width in external and internal cladding or floor coverings and at joints of building structures (walls, supports).
With this ratio of cement to sand by weight of 1:2, water should be added to 40% by weight of cement.
Also, is it possible to lay porcelain tiles on this tile adhesive? Use it for external work?
Since adhesion is about 1 MPa, it is possible to glue porcelain stoneware using such glue. To use it for external work, adhesion data is required after cyclic freezing and thawing. It can be assumed that since glue is recommended for interior work, it should not be used for exterior work.
When it comes to interlayers, usually by applying a thick layer we mean a layer with a thickness of 10 mm, and by applying a thin layer with a thickness of 2 to 5 mm.
Thank you for the lecture notes on the discipline Physico-chemical processes of hardening and corrosion of cement stone (PHPTCC), I read it in my spare time. It perfectly covers the issues of shrinkage, strength and permeability of cement stone. The process of regulating the hardening of cement mortar did not stand aside either.
I believe that adding such lectures and notes will be very useful for the community. I’ll look for my student records and post the most interesting ones.
Russian standards for adhesive mixtures based on cement binder
In the Russian Federation, in relation to construction adhesive mixtures based on a cement binder, there is a standard developed by the Non-profit Partnership “Union of Dry Construction Mixture Manufacturers” (NP “SPSSS”) with the participation of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education “Moscow State Construction University” (MGSU), Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "St. Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering" (SPbGASU).
1) GOST R 56387−2015 : Dry building mixtures with adhesive on a cement binder. Technical conditions.
Approved and put into effect by order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology dated November 1, 2015.
adding extra water. The result here is reduced adhesion and/or reduced mechanical compressive strength.
Adding excess water can already degrade the final performance. Manufacturers of dry construction mixtures indicate this in their technical data sheets. For example: " The amount of water indicated on the packaging is indicative. You can get a mixture with more or less thixotropy, depending on the purpose. Adding excess water does not extend the workability of the glue; this can lead to a decrease in thickness in the plastic drying phase and deteriorate the final characteristics (surface hardness, compressive strength, adhesion to the base) ". Therefore, you should not get too carried away with breeding.
In the Russian Federation, the following standards apply to ceramic tiles, developed by JSC NIIstroymashkeramika, introduced by the State Construction Committee of Russia and adopted by the Interstate Scientific and Technical Commission for Standardization, Technical Standards and Certification in Construction (MNTKS):
1) GOST 6787-2001 : Ceramic tiles for floors. Technical specifications;
Irregularities in size or appearance are considered defects only if they impair the appearance or functionality of the cladding under normal conditions of use. Therefore, if, for example, defects on a tiled floor are visible only at close range or with a magnifying glass, or if they are observed only under a special kind of lighting, then they cannot be recognized as real defects. In any case, to detect flaws on the surface of the cladding, it should be examined with the naked eye (or using glasses, if they are worn constantly) from a distance of 1 - 1.5 m in normal lighting.
Yes, there is still a long way to go before the distance gap is filled. I agree with the previous post: either renew the porch every season, or completely dismantle it, and then follow the instructions. You can also buy a couple of ready-made flights of concrete stairs and install them directly on the old brick base. Fill the sides with 20 centimeters of concrete. Then cover everything with tiles or leave it as is. I pulled off such a trick 8-9 years ago. The staircase is still in excellent condition.
By the way, in the forum “ Steps with correct cladding ” in the second comment on the diagram it is clearly readable that the base is concrete or reinforced concrete. If you dismantle the porch and rebuild it, write here what you will use to seal the space gap - cardboard, foam, air, etc.
Yes, I’ve been to Odessa and seen this intersection with sandy-yellow clinker paving stones. Indeed, the pavement is still in excellent condition. After walking along the paving stones, the question arises: why were only 100 meters paved? The fact is that when the fathers of the eternal city were puzzled by replacing the street surface, then the enterprising Dutch, who were the first to establish mass production of clinker in Europe, delivered a batch of bricks to the city by sea, and paved the busy intersection as an advertisement. However, the anti-slip notch was not yet known, and the coating was considered excessively slippery. In rainy weather, residents and even horse riders repeatedly fell.
To be honest, laying tiles is not selling you caps. There is a sea of its own subtleties and nuances. Skill and ability comes with experience. At the beginning of his journey, he left it at this for several years. But now I understand what, why and how. My opinion is that you, Evgeniy , need a mentor or experience working with a master tiler in pairs.
There is, of course, another option: try and study everything yourself (the Internet and our forum are here to help). However, time is our dearest and kindest friend.
Attention
Do not use this product on carpeted or waxed wood floors.
Something to remember
Do not use on polished marble or acid-sensitive materials. Make sure the material is resistant to the product by preliminary testing on a small area of the surface. For aluminum elements, use the product in accordance with the instructions for use, using a soft sponge.
Rubber coatings can withstand high mechanical loads, have sound-absorbing properties, and are resistant to short-term exposure to oils, diluted alkalis and acids. One of the most valuable properties of rubber flooring is its non-slip surface, which is why it is often used in wet areas, such as pool walkways and ice rinks, and where safety is especially important, such as stair treads.
In the needle-punched production method, the fiber is placed on a woven base and punched repeatedly with frequently spaced barbed needles along its entire length. As a result of the up-and-down movement of the needles, the threads of fibers intertwine and form a dense material similar to felt. In addition, the fibers are bonded to the underside of the covering with latex or other adhesive. Needle-punched coverings are lint-free and are inferior in comfort to tufted or woven coverings, but are characterized by increased wear resistance. Therefore, they are often used in rooms with high pedestrian loads, for example, in offices, theaters, cinemas, concert halls and so on.
Import substitution reality
I approve of the article, although I did not find a clear answer to the question posed with justification. He's hiding somewhere between the lines. So, import substitution of ceramic tiles in Russia is a reality. To confirm this conclusion, it is enough to read the 2016 article on the production of ceramic tiles in Russia . Here you can see that the import of ceramic tiles to Russia from 2013 to 2016 fell threefold (from 90 million m2 to 30 million m2), and the production of ceramic tiles in Russia remained approximately the same (2013 - 167 million m2; 2016 - 160 million m2).
Ceramic tiles Lira Ceramics
From 2002 to 2008, the Fryanovsky ceramic plant produced ceramic tiles under the Lira Ceramica brand. After FKZ entered the Rovese group, Lira Ceramics LLC was liquidated. Officially, Lira Ceramics LLC operated from September 11, 2001 to July 27, 2009.
Shrinkage of plinth and bricks
It should be noted that during the drying and firing process, bricks significantly decrease in size. Therefore, in order to obtain a fired brick of the required size, it was necessary to make the molding frame somewhat larger in size. Obviously, the craftsmen took into account some empirically found clay shrinkage coefficient. At the same time, they had to be especially careful that the resulting brick was not larger in size than intended, since any increase in the format entails a complication of the firing process, and therefore a deterioration in quality. In addition, the increase in brick format complicates the work of masons. Naturally, therefore, when making molding frames, craftsmen, as a rule, introduced a minimum shrinkage coefficient, which was usually somewhat less than the actual shrinkage coefficient obtained. As a result, the brick format tended to gradually decrease.
Separation joints are structural expansion joints. They pass through all load-bearing and non-load-bearing parts of the building. Such joints must be of sufficient width in external and internal cladding or floor coverings and at joints of building structures (walls, supports).
Amount of water to prepare the mixture
With this ratio of cement to sand by weight of 1:2, water should be added to 40% by weight of cement.
Since adhesion is about 1 MPa, it is possible to glue porcelain stoneware using such glue. To use it for external work, adhesion data is required after cyclic freezing and thawing. It can be assumed that since glue is recommended for interior work, it should not be used for exterior work.
Thin and thick layer of solution
When it comes to interlayers, usually by applying a thick layer we mean a layer with a thickness of 10 mm, and by applying a thin layer with a thickness of 2 to 5 mm.
Lectures by FHPTKTs
Thank you for the lecture notes on the discipline Physico-chemical processes of hardening and corrosion of cement stone (PHPTCC), I read it in my spare time. It perfectly covers the issues of shrinkage, strength and permeability of cement stone. The process of regulating the hardening of cement mortar did not stand aside either.
I believe that adding such lectures and notes will be very useful for the community. I’ll look for my student records and post the most interesting ones.
In the Russian Federation, in relation to construction adhesive mixtures based on a cement binder, there is a standard developed by the Non-profit Partnership “Union of Dry Construction Mixture Manufacturers” (NP “SPSSS”) with the participation of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education “Moscow State Construction University” (MGSU), Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "St. Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering" (SPbGASU).
1) GOST R 56387−2015 : Dry building mixtures with adhesive on a cement binder. Technical conditions.
Approved and put into effect by order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology dated November 1, 2015.
Adding excess water can already degrade the final performance. Manufacturers of dry construction mixtures indicate this in their technical data sheets. For example: " The amount of water indicated on the packaging is indicative. You can get a mixture with more or less thixotropy, depending on the purpose. Adding excess water does not extend the workability of the glue; this can lead to a decrease in thickness in the plastic drying phase and deteriorate the final characteristics (surface hardness, compressive strength, adhesion to the base) ". Therefore, you should not get too carried away with breeding.
In the Russian Federation, the following standards apply to ceramic tiles, developed by JSC NIIstroymashkeramika, introduced by the State Construction Committee of Russia and adopted by the Interstate Scientific and Technical Commission for Standardization, Technical Standards and Certification in Construction (MNTKS):
1) GOST 6787-2001 : Ceramic tiles for floors. Technical specifications;
2) GOST 27180-2001 : Ceramic tiles. Test methods;
3) GOST 6141-1991: Glazed ceramic tiles for interior wall cladding. Technical specifications;
4) GOST 13996-1995: Ceramic facade tiles and carpets made from them. Technical conditions.
note
Irregularities in size or appearance are considered defects only if they impair the appearance or functionality of the cladding under normal conditions of use. Therefore, if, for example, defects on a tiled floor are visible only at close range or with a magnifying glass, or if they are observed only under a special kind of lighting, then they cannot be recognized as real defects. In any case, to detect flaws on the surface of the cladding, it should be examined with the naked eye (or using glasses, if they are worn constantly) from a distance of 1 - 1.5 m in normal lighting.
Yes, there is still a long way to go before the distance gap is filled. I agree with the previous post: either renew the porch every season, or completely dismantle it, and then follow the instructions. You can also buy a couple of ready-made flights of concrete stairs and install them directly on the old brick base. Fill the sides with 20 centimeters of concrete. Then cover everything with tiles or leave it as is. I pulled off such a trick 8-9 years ago. The staircase is still in excellent condition.
By the way, in the forum “ Steps with correct cladding ” in the second comment on the diagram it is clearly readable that the base is concrete or reinforced concrete. If you dismantle the porch and rebuild it, write here what you will use to seal the space gap - cardboard, foam, air, etc.
I use regular cardboard as a spacer; I always have this material on hand. It is easy to cut a figure of any shape and thickness from it.
Crossroads in Odessa with clinker paving stones
Yes, I’ve been to Odessa and seen this intersection with sandy-yellow clinker paving stones. Indeed, the pavement is still in excellent condition. After walking along the paving stones, the question arises: why were only 100 meters paved? The fact is that when the fathers of the eternal city were puzzled by replacing the street surface, then the enterprising Dutch, who were the first to establish mass production of clinker in Europe, delivered a batch of bricks to the city by sea, and paved the busy intersection as an advertisement. However, the anti-slip notch was not yet known, and the coating was considered excessively slippery. In rainy weather, residents and even horse riders repeatedly fell.
When choosing ceramic tiles, an important criterion is slip resistance on dry (groups R9 - R13) and wet (groups A, B, C) surfaces.
To be honest, laying tiles is not selling you caps. There is a sea of its own subtleties and nuances. Skill and ability comes with experience. At the beginning of his journey, he left it at this for several years. But now I understand what, why and how. My opinion is that you, Evgeniy , need a mentor or experience working with a master tiler in pairs.
There is, of course, another option: try and study everything yourself (the Internet and our forum are here to help). However, time is our dearest and kindest friend.
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