Expansion joints are breaks in the structure that allow sections to move independently. Expansion joints are breaks in the structure that provide compensation for internal stresses in the structure of hardened mortar or concrete that arise during temperature changes. Shrinkage joints are breaks in structural elements that prevent the occurrence of chaotic cracks during the hardening of the solution.
Joint joints are usually installed between the cladding or covering and other building structural parts, for example, at the junction with a support, window unit or floor threshold.
Expansion joints - placed deep into the cladding by one third of the thickness of the cement layer, dividing large veneered surfaces into sections. Thus, they are most often found in large areas (commercial facilities, airports, train stations). In private construction they are less common.
The Association of Ceramic Materials Manufacturers (APCM) was created in 2009 with the goal of uniting manufacturers of wall ceramics in order to achieve positive results in terms of implementing policies to promote their products. It unites the largest manufacturers with a geographical location from Kaliningrad to Novosibirsk, the largest production facilities in the Central part of Russia. APKM includes the Scientific Center for Ceramics VNIISTROM (based on and staffed by highly professional scientists VNIISTROM named after P. P. Budnikov), the Association maintains close contacts with leading specialized scientific, educational and research institutions (including Russian Chemical Technology University named after D I. Mendeleev, TsNIISK named after V. A. Kucherenko, Research Institute of Building Physics RAASN, Research Institute Mosstroy, other authoritative institutes).
The flexural strength values depend on the type of ceramic tile and are determined according to the methodology outlined in the ISO 10545-4 standard.
For floor tiles with a water absorption of 0.5 < E < 3%, the flexural strength must be more than 30 N/mm2. For wall tiles with water absorption E > 10%, the flexural strength must be more than 15 N/mm2. For porcelain stoneware E <= 0.5%, the bending strength must be more than 35 N/mm2.
The actual values of the bending strength of ceramic tiles are higher. So, for example, if we take Kerama Marazzi products, we get the following values:
For floor tiles with water absorption 0.5 < E < 3% - 39 N/mm2; For wall tiles with water absorption E > 10% - 20 N/mm2; For ceramic granite E<= 0.5% - 55 N/mm2.
Separation joints are structural expansion joints. They pass through all load-bearing and non-load-bearing parts of the building. Such joints must be of sufficient width in external and internal cladding or floor coverings and at joints of building structures (walls, supports).
Expansion joints are a generalized name for all types of movable joints. In wall cladding and floor coverings, several types of seams are distinguished in accordance with their functional purpose - separation,temperature , adjoining seams .
With this ratio of cement to sand by weight of 1:2, water should be added to 40% by weight of cement.
Also, is it possible to lay porcelain tiles on this tile adhesive? Use it for external work?
Since adhesion is about 1 MPa, it is possible to glue porcelain stoneware using such glue. To use it for external work, adhesion data is required after cyclic freezing and thawing. It can be assumed that since glue is recommended for interior work, it should not be used for exterior work.
When it comes to interlayers, usually by applying a thick layer we mean a layer with a thickness of 10 mm, and by applying a thin layer with a thickness of 2 to 5 mm.
The range of base materials offered on the market is quite wide and can be divided into two main groups: cement-lime mortars (applied in a thick layer) and adhesive mortars (applied in a thin layer).
What thicknesses in millimeters are we talking about when applying?
Thank you for the lecture notes on the discipline Physico-chemical processes of hardening and corrosion of cement stone (PHPTCC), I read it in my spare time. It perfectly covers the issues of shrinkage, strength and permeability of cement stone. The process of regulating the hardening of cement mortar did not stand aside either.
I believe that adding such lectures and notes will be very useful for the community. I’ll look for my student records and post the most interesting ones.
The following standard currently applies to adhesive mixtures for ceramic tiles in European countries:
EN 12004:2007 Mortars and adhesives for ceramic tiles. Requirements, conformity assessment, classification and designation.
The document (EN 12004:2007) was developed by Technical Committee CEN/TC 67 "Ceramic tiles". From the German side, the subcommittee NABau NA 005-09-82 AA "Ceramic tiles (Sp CEN/TC 67, ISO/TC 189)" took part in the work.
Published Fri, 2016/06/10 - 10:33 by user Zhuk Slava
The article uses designations for classes of cement adhesives for ceramic tiles. Explain how to use them for the common man.
Depending on the selected characteristics, each type is divided into different classes. The following abbreviations apply to these classes:
1 ------ Solutions or adhesives meeting the usual requirements; 2 ------ Solutions or adhesives that meet increased requirements; F ------ Fast-hardening mortars; T ------ Solutions or adhesives with increased slip resistance; E ------ Solutions or adhesives with extended open time; S1 ---- Deformable solutions or adhesives; S2 ---- Highly deformable solutions or adhesives;
Russian standards for adhesive mixtures based on cement binder
In the Russian Federation, in relation to construction adhesive mixtures based on a cement binder, there is a standard developed by the Non-profit Partnership “Union of Dry Construction Mixture Manufacturers” (NP “SPSSS”) with the participation of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education “Moscow State Construction University” (MGSU), Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "St. Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering" (SPbGASU).
1) GOST R 56387−2015 : Dry building mixtures with adhesive on a cement binder. Technical conditions.
Approved and put into effect by order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology dated November 1, 2015.
adding extra water. The result here is reduced adhesion and/or reduced mechanical compressive strength.
Adding excess water can already degrade the final performance. Manufacturers of dry construction mixtures indicate this in their technical data sheets. For example: " The amount of water indicated on the packaging is indicative. You can get a mixture with more or less thixotropy, depending on the purpose. Adding excess water does not extend the workability of the glue; this can lead to a decrease in thickness in the plastic drying phase and deteriorate the final characteristics (surface hardness, compressive strength, adhesion to the base) ". Therefore, you should not get too carried away with breeding.
Published Tue, 2016/05/31 - 12:34 by user Zhuk Slava
Interesting article, thanks for the information.
Glue. For tiles. For interior work. Cement 340-400 kg, fine sand 658 - 598 kg, methyl cellulose 2 kg. We get grade 150 (15 MPa) and adhesion of about 1 MPa.
According to this recipe, the ratio of cement to sand by weight is 1:2, but how much water will need to be added then? To prepare cement-sand mortars of grade 150, it is recommended to take 55% of water by weight from cement (see map 5 of ITK P 82). True, there is more sand there; the ratio of water: cement: sand in mass parts is 0.55: 1: 3. And also, is it possible to lay porcelain stoneware on such tile adhesive? Use it for external work?
Thanks for the open and accessible article. I agree that for dry construction mixtures it is very important to adhere to the recipe and shelf life (individual components or the entire mixture as a whole). I had experience using products (floor leveler, tile adhesive) that were past their expiration date (or rather expired), after which I pay special attention to this. I also use a cement-sand mixture as a screed, plaster and mortar for laying ceramic tiles. Naturally, in this case, the shelf life of cement, as well as compliance with the recipe for preparing CSP, are very important. Information about adding cellulose and RPP was helpful. Special thanks for calculating the minimum price of normal simple glue for any local manufacturer.
Since this article was published under the title “A Brief Introduction to SSS Recipes,” I would be very glad to see an article “A Detailed Introduction to SSS Recipes” based on materials from the same author or another.
Let's calculate at what temperature change the thermal expansion for ceramic tiles will reach the permissible moisture expansion limit. To do this, we will use the following data.
... the permissible limit of moisture expansion of ceramic tiles should not exceed 0.6 mm/m ...
The coefficient of thermal expansion for floor and wall ceramic tiles varies from 4.1•10 -6 °C -1 to 8.1•10 -6 °C -1 . This means that elongation ranges from 4 to 8 thousandths of a millimeter per meter of ceramic tile and per degree rise in temperature.
Thus, if the temperature rise is 80 °C, then the thermal elongation will be 0.32-0.64 mm/m. The last value is very close to the previously indicated 0.6 mm/m.
OJSC "Ceramic Products Plant" at the international construction and interior exhibition "Batimat Russia 2016" presented new products produced under the Uralkeramika trademark in a new format of 200x600 mm using relief surfaces and the most modern materials. New products are already on sale.
Expansion joints are breaks in the structure that allow sections to move independently. Expansion joints are breaks in the structure that provide compensation for internal stresses in the structure of hardened mortar or concrete that arise during temperature changes. Shrinkage joints are breaks in structural elements that prevent the occurrence of chaotic cracks during the hardening of the solution.
Joint joints are usually installed between the cladding or covering and other building structural parts, for example, at the junction with a support, window unit or floor threshold.
Expansion joints - placed deep into the cladding by one third of the thickness of the cement layer, dividing large veneered surfaces into sections. Thus, they are most often found in large areas (commercial facilities, airports, train stations). In private construction they are less common.
Reference
The Association of Ceramic Materials Manufacturers (APCM) was created in 2009 with the goal of uniting manufacturers of wall ceramics in order to achieve positive results in terms of implementing policies to promote their products. It unites the largest manufacturers with a geographical location from Kaliningrad to Novosibirsk, the largest production facilities in the Central part of Russia. APKM includes the Scientific Center for Ceramics VNIISTROM (based on and staffed by highly professional scientists VNIISTROM named after P. P. Budnikov), the Association maintains close contacts with leading specialized scientific, educational and research institutions (including Russian Chemical Technology University named after D I. Mendeleev, TsNIISK named after V. A. Kucherenko, Research Institute of Building Physics RAASN, Research Institute Mosstroy, other authoritative institutes).
Typical flexural strength values for ceramic tiles
The flexural strength values depend on the type of ceramic tile and are determined according to the methodology outlined in the ISO 10545-4 standard.
For floor tiles with a water absorption of 0.5 < E < 3%, the flexural strength must be more than 30 N/mm2.
For wall tiles with water absorption E > 10%, the flexural strength must be more than 15 N/mm2.
For porcelain stoneware E <= 0.5%, the bending strength must be more than 35 N/mm2.
The actual values of the bending strength of ceramic tiles are higher. So, for example, if we take Kerama Marazzi products, we get the following values:
For floor tiles with water absorption 0.5 < E < 3% - 39 N/mm2;
For wall tiles with water absorption E > 10% - 20 N/mm2;
For ceramic granite E<= 0.5% - 55 N/mm2.
Separation joints are structural expansion joints. They pass through all load-bearing and non-load-bearing parts of the building. Such joints must be of sufficient width in external and internal cladding or floor coverings and at joints of building structures (walls, supports).
Expansion joints are a generalized name for all types of movable joints. In wall cladding and floor coverings, several types of seams are distinguished in accordance with their functional purpose - separation, temperature , adjoining seams .
Amount of water to prepare the mixture
With this ratio of cement to sand by weight of 1:2, water should be added to 40% by weight of cement.
Since adhesion is about 1 MPa, it is possible to glue porcelain stoneware using such glue. To use it for external work, adhesion data is required after cyclic freezing and thawing. It can be assumed that since glue is recommended for interior work, it should not be used for exterior work.
Thin and thick layer of solution
When it comes to interlayers, usually by applying a thick layer we mean a layer with a thickness of 10 mm, and by applying a thin layer with a thickness of 2 to 5 mm.
Thin and thick layer of solution
What thicknesses in millimeters are we talking about when applying?
Lectures by FHPTKTs
Thank you for the lecture notes on the discipline Physico-chemical processes of hardening and corrosion of cement stone (PHPTCC), I read it in my spare time. It perfectly covers the issues of shrinkage, strength and permeability of cement stone. The process of regulating the hardening of cement mortar did not stand aside either.
I believe that adding such lectures and notes will be very useful for the community. I’ll look for my student records and post the most interesting ones.
The following standard currently applies to adhesive mixtures for ceramic tiles in European countries:
EN 12004:2007 Mortars and adhesives for ceramic tiles. Requirements, conformity assessment, classification and designation.
The document (EN 12004:2007) was developed by Technical Committee CEN/TC 67 "Ceramic tiles". From the German side, the subcommittee NABau NA 005-09-82 AA "Ceramic tiles (Sp CEN/TC 67, ISO/TC 189)" took part in the work.
How to use classes of adhesives for ceramic tiles?
The article uses designations for classes of cement adhesives for ceramic tiles. Explain how to use them for the common man.
I noticed such markings on bags of tile adhesive.
In the Russian Federation, in relation to construction adhesive mixtures based on a cement binder, there is a standard developed by the Non-profit Partnership “Union of Dry Construction Mixture Manufacturers” (NP “SPSSS”) with the participation of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education “Moscow State Construction University” (MGSU), Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "St. Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering" (SPbGASU).
1) GOST R 56387−2015 : Dry building mixtures with adhesive on a cement binder. Technical conditions.
Approved and put into effect by order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology dated November 1, 2015.
Adding excess water can already degrade the final performance. Manufacturers of dry construction mixtures indicate this in their technical data sheets. For example: " The amount of water indicated on the packaging is indicative. You can get a mixture with more or less thixotropy, depending on the purpose. Adding excess water does not extend the workability of the glue; this can lead to a decrease in thickness in the plastic drying phase and deteriorate the final characteristics (surface hardness, compressive strength, adhesion to the base) ". Therefore, you should not get too carried away with breeding.
Amount of water to prepare the mixture
Interesting article, thanks for the information.
According to this recipe, the ratio of cement to sand by weight is 1:2, but how much water will need to be added then? To prepare cement-sand mortars of grade 150, it is recommended to take 55% of water by weight from cement (see map 5 of ITK P 82). True, there is more sand there; the ratio of water: cement: sand in mass parts is 0.55: 1: 3. And also, is it possible to lay porcelain stoneware on such tile adhesive? Use it for external work?
A Detailed Introduction to CCC Formulations
Thanks for the open and accessible article.
I agree that for dry construction mixtures it is very important to adhere to the recipe and shelf life (individual components or the entire mixture as a whole). I had experience using products (floor leveler, tile adhesive) that were past their expiration date (or rather expired), after which I pay special attention to this. I also use a cement-sand mixture as a screed, plaster and mortar for laying ceramic tiles. Naturally, in this case, the shelf life of cement, as well as compliance with the recipe for preparing CSP, are very important. Information about adding cellulose and RPP was helpful. Special thanks for calculating the minimum price of normal simple glue for any local manufacturer.
Since this article was published under the title “A Brief Introduction to SSS Recipes,” I would be very glad to see an article “A Detailed Introduction to SSS Recipes” based on materials from the same author or another.
Guides for porcelain tiles from the manufacturer Italon
to the Books :
1. Guides for porcelain tiles.
Quality standards and specifications 2. Porcelain tiles manuals.
Manufacturing process 3. Porcelain tile manuals. Installation, cleaning and maintenance
These manuals have been translated into Russian. Intended for a wide range of readers.
Thermal expansion of ceramic tiles
Let's calculate at what temperature change the thermal expansion for ceramic tiles will reach the permissible moisture expansion limit. To do this, we will use the following data.
Thus, if the temperature rise is 80 °C, then the thermal elongation will be 0.32-0.64 mm/m. The last value is very close to the previously indicated 0.6 mm/m.
Uralceramics at Batimat Russia 2016
OJSC "Ceramic Products Plant" at the international construction and interior exhibition "Batimat Russia 2016" presented new products produced under the Uralkeramika trademark in a new format of 200x600 mm using relief surfaces and the most modern materials. New products are already on sale.
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